Radiation Protection and NORM Residue Management in the Production of Rare Earths from Thorium Containing Minerals

This Safety Report is a compilation of detailed information on the processes and materials involved in the production of rare earths from thorium-containing minerals and on the radiological considerations that need to be taken into account by the regulatory body when determining the nature and extent of radiation protection measures. It has been developed as part of the IAEA’s programme on the application of its safety standards in the field of radiation, transport and waste safety.