Specialized Pro Resolving Lipid Mediators in Periodontitis

Inflammation involves two basic processes: early inflammatory response followed by healing/resolution. Acute inflammation is temporally and spatially controlled to maintain homeostasis. Unresolved acute inflammation is detrimental to tissue function, promoting dysbiosis which leads to chronic inflammatory diseases including periodontitis. Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease of inflammatory origin affecting the teeth' supporting tissues, resulting in progressive destruction of the periodontal apparatus leading to teeth loss. Tissue destruction is mainly due to the host-derived inflammatory mediators (Pro-inflammatory cytokines, Matrix Metalloproteinases). Inflammation must be resolved to avoid progression to chronic inflammation and promote repair or regeneration. Resolution of inflammation is an active biomechanical process regulated by specialized pro lipid mediators (SPMs) like Lipoxins, Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins which will help to return homeostasis.