The Tribe of Ishmael

Published in 1913, The Tribe of Ishmael is a sociological study of a group of rural people in midwestern America. Author Oscar Carleton McCulloch argues that the descendants of Ishmael, the son of Abraham who was cast out into the wilderness, represent a distinct social class characterized by poverty, illiteracy, and social isolation. Although the ideas in this book have been largely discredited by modern social science, it is still an interesting historical artifact.

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