Civil Engineering Problems and Solutions

This book presents review examines of methods developed for dealing with and applied to solve problems of civil engineering. The book is focused on formal methods of solving different parts of civil engineering problems using numerical methods and also fuzzy and uncertainty methods. Civil Engineering is concerned with such projects as roads, bridges, railways, harbours and docks, water supply and wastewater treatment, dams, tunnels and underground construction, power projects, offshore structures, and commercial and industrial buildings. The effective practice of civil engineering necessitates a strong background in the mathematical and physical sciences, an understanding of the properties of construction materials such as steel, concrete, timber and soils. Firstly, we discuss current state and future research methods for solving civil engineering problems by means of fuzzy and stochastic methods and the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy method. Then we present an interval-parameter fuzzy linear programming with stochastic vertices model for water resources management under uncertainty and attractor of beam equation with structural damping under nonlinear boundary conditions. Seismic behavior of substandard RC columns retrofitted with embedded aramid fiber reinforced polymer (AFRP) reinforcement and determination of the impact behavior of concrete and reinforced concrete beams are also discussed. In the middle part of the book, we focus on neural network model for moment-curvature relationship of reinforced concrete sections and an approximate solution for boundary value problems in structural engineering and fluid mechanics. Then solving the problem of multiple-criteria building design and free vibration analysis of symmetrically laminated folded plate structures are also discussed. We also try to present solution of the porous media equation by a compact finite difference method and architecture of wireless vehicle weight measurement system for structural health monitoring in Civil Engineering application. The last chapters of the book describe parametric optimization for the vibration control of building structures and non-invasive sensing techniques and geophysical methods for cultural heritage and civil infrastructures monitoring. We also try to find out analytical solution for free vibration analysis of beam on elastic foundation with different support conditions and engineering solutions to enhance traffic safety performance on two-lane highways. At the end, we describe comparison of fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS for road pavement maintenance.