Foundations and Retaining Structures

This book covers a broad range of review of retaining structures of foundations. Retaining structures are engineered to retain soil and/or rock. There are several types of retaining structures, including retaining walls, gravity, cantilever, sheet pile, and anchored earth and mechanically stabilized earth (reinforced earth) walls. Firstly, we discuss optimum deign of tied back retaining walls and behavior of Reinforced Retaining Walls with Different Reinforcement Spacing during Vehicle Collisions. Then Dynamic Active Earth Pressures of the Retaining Piles with Anchors and Lateral Earth Pressure behind Walls Rotating about Base considering Arching Effects are presented in details. We also try to find out seismic stability time-frequency analysis method of reinforced retaining wall and seismic Earth pressures of retaining wall from large shaking table tests. In the middle part of the book, we focus on finding enhancing seismic capacity of pile-supported wharves using yielding dampers and optimum design of gravity retaining walls using charged system search algorithm. Active thrust on an inclined retaining wall with inclined cohesion less backfill due to surcharge effect and dynamic response of wall backfill retaining system are also discussed. Then we present the effect of displacement mode of rigid retaining walls on shearing bands by active earth pressure and numerical simulation of tire reinforced sand behind retaining wall under earthquake excitation. At the end, we try to describe sustainability assessment of precast ultra-high Performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) cantilever retaining walls. Also A note and some remarks on the analysis and design of cantilever retaining walls and anchored sheet pile walls using the CECP2 and BS8002 methods are also discussed. Then contiguous pile wall as a deep excavation supporting system and incremental dynamic analysis of sheet pile quay-walls in order to reach performance-based design criteria for this type of wharf are presented briefly.