Management, Production and Characterization of Grape Varieties

The vine is a fruit crop of economic importance worldwide, being Vitis vinifera L. the species that dominates the commercial production of grapes, in addition to this species, it is known that in the genus Vitis there are about 60 other species, distributed mainly in the northern hemisphere. Wine is the beverage that results from the alcoholic fermentation of grape must. There are factors such as the winemaking process, the variety and the method of cultivation, which mark differences in the attributes of a wine; however, the terrain, influenced by luminosity, altitude, latitude, rainfall, slope, orientation and soil type, is what defines the typicality of the grape and the wine, which is expressed in the sugar content, acidity, color and aroma, among others. In general, quality is determined by the interaction of the cultivar, the rootstock, with the soil and the prevailing climate in a region in a given year. Crop management is a fundamental factor in the yield and quality of wine grapes.